P squared system (pss)

ABSTRACT

The invention has to do with a hydro-technique architectural system, capable to annihilate any tsunami waves size, destined in principle to the protection of people, animals, infrastructure and the existent architecture and the coastal environment of seas and oceans. The invention is composed of a PSS system made of one or many reinforced concrete tubes (preferable having a rectangular section) (A), for discharge/intake the tsunami wave (TW). PSS system contains an intake gate (B), for the (TW), an evacuation gate (C), and two floaters (D) and (E), permitting the (TW) to enter and exit in and out to the PSS system. The entire tsunami protection system, may be built using many PSS tubes with one or several intake and evacuation gates as necessary. The PSS system can also be used for protection against tidal waves and coastal erosions.

This invention has to do with a hydrotechnique system, which can be utilized on the oceanic coastal areas to subdue tsunami waves, and actuated for the protection, of people, animals, architectures, infrastructures natural and built environment, as welt as against coastal erosion.

It seems that wasn't developed yet any similar system to subdue the tsunami waves and the preoccupation in this regard seems to be not very efficient.

The advantage of PSS systems, is that besides their full protective feature and elimination of the disastrous tsunami effects, they maintain a clear view to the ocean or seas, and provide a full access to surphing, fishing, swimming, diving, veiling, motor boating and other sports activities on/in the water or on the beach.

Also, the PSS systems will generate tremendous activities and new concepts and ideas for protection against natural phenomenon to eliminate disasters.

The disadvantages of PSS probably have to do with the salaries paid to a huge volume of employees for the maintenance of the system and with its relatively high cost of development which will also imply an enormous number of people to work for.

The abbreviations are listed at the end of this resumé.

This invention will be presented further in a more detailed manner; its components, and how it functions.

PSS system can be built to cover any coastal length desired by the beneficiary. It is composed of a rectangular discharge tube (A) (or several tubes adjacent to each other) see FIG. 1 or FIG. 18, placed under the actual oceanic floor on the coastal area and extended off shore into the ocean. Its length varies based on the coastal slope or conditions and its other dimensions are based on the beneficiary choice of: what tsunami size (wave's height) wants to protect against, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 50 m or more.

The discharge tube is made of reinforced concrete and composed of prefabricated parts which can extend into the ocean as long as needed. At the closest end with the shore, PSS tube has a gate (B) FIG. 18 which opens upward from its middle axis, being activated by the floater(s) (D) FIG. 17 adjusted to open the gate when the tsunami wave reaches a minimum hazard height.

PSS tube has another gate (C) which opens also upword having a hinge like axis at the upper side, see FIG. 18. The opening of this gate is activated by an interior floater (E) FIG. 22 inside PSS tube. The activation of this floater (E) takes place when PSS tube is 85%-95% filled with the discharging water of the tsunami wave.

It is better for the PSS tube to be emptied of water when the first tsunami wave will be discharged inside of and out of it.

The floater(s) (D) is equipped with an air pump, which pushes the water out of the PSS tube when it is closed.

When the oceanic water gets back to its normal level, and tsunami represents no more danger, PSS system will close hermetically and the air pumps start pumping and pushing the remaining water out of PSS tube, preparing the system for a future protection job.

The closing of the PSS system, can be done manual, using an electromechanic system, or inside of the PSS Lube can be mounted an air pressure tank from, which the pressure can be used to lock back the gates of the system. The PSS tube(s) interior can be checked periodically through some visiting openings mounted at the top of the PSS tube(s).

In order to be understood much better how PSS system functions, herein, it'll be presented 25 drawings containing most of its components in a close order with its functioning.

FIG. 1 represents the basic components of the PSS system, which is divided in five sections, indicated herein from left to right with Roman numbers I, II, III, IV, V.

Section I represents a commercial/residential and a portion of the beach.

Section II represents the rest of the beach and the first part of PSS system, where the Intake Gate (B) is.

Section III represents the second part of PSS system, the Evacuation Gate (C) and shows also the floater(s)/pump (D) which can be located anywhere upon PSS tube.

Section IV represents the area where tsunami wave (TW) forms increasing in height its crest (TWC) after the retreat of the oceanic waters (ROW).

Section V represents the continuation of the tsunami wave followed by a decrease of the oceanic water's level trailed again by another wave.

In FIG. 1 it is shown the floater/pump (D) which location can differ based on the ocean floor's slope and tsunami size: floater (E) is located inside PSS tube.

FIG. 2 represents the four stage of the oceanic levels a, b, c, and d.

a. Normal sea level at High Tide HTL. The HTL must be taken in consideration as well as the Low Tide Level LTL, in order to decide where the intake gate-level will be mounted, because that's the PSS tube level “0”, where its design and construction will begin.

b. Water Retreat Level WRL before tsunami formation it is also important to estimate where it'll be (it cannot be the same all the time) because that is probably the best location to end the PSS tube, and evaluate its slope, which may be between 1%-3%.

c. Tsunami Wave TW formation.

d. Tsunami Wave Crest at its maximum height TWC it is another important aspect to know because not far away from that point the Intake Gate must be located.

FIG. 3 represents Section I with its three areas:

a. Coastal development commercial and residential.

b. Beach

c. High. Tide Level HTL.

FIG. 4 represents simply, Section II containing the closest part of PSS (A) with the shore where it is located the intake gate (B) with its opening (a). The intake gate open to approx. 70°-75° to allow an extra height of the Tsunami Wave TW if it is higher, to drain also inside PSS tube but behind the intake gate (B), SF is the Sea Floor.

FIG. 5 represents Section III of FIG. 1, showing the continuation of PSS tube (A) and the evacuation gate (C). It is also shown the Ocean Floor's (OF) slope, extending to the bottom of the PSS tube (A), the (HTL) and the level of the tsunami crest (TWC). Important here is to mention that the bottom of the PSS tube must be above the bottom of the ocean floor.

FIG. 6 represents the formation of a tsunami wave (TW) after the oceanic water retreats from the shore.

FIG. 7 represents part of the (TW) (a), followed be a decrease in level (b), after which will follow another wave.

FIG. 8 represents the intake gate (B) with its main components: (a) the main shaft, (b) the truss of the structural framework, (c) hinge.

FIG. 9 represents a technical view of gate (B) where it can be distinguished that the trusses aren't flat, and the dimensions l1 is greater than l2, (l1>l2), an makes it heavier on the lower or back side, permitting the gate to open easy once it was unlocked.

FIG. 10 represents another technical view of intake gate (B), with a side view of the truss (a), and a better view of the hinge (b). Here again, l1>l2.

FIG. 11 represents a typical drawing of the gate hinge of the intake gate (B); for the hinge therefore can be used ball bearings as well.

FIG. 12 represents the regular High Tide Level HTL of the ocean (a), and (b) shows how the regular waves break apart because the water current rotation inside of it. Letter (c) shows the linear movement of the water current of the TW. That is the reason why tsunamis are so dangerous.

FIG. 13 represents theoretically a, b, c, . . . g, the size of a TW, from its formation to its maximum height (h) and lambda (λ) is the length of the wave.

FIG. 14 represents a logical representation of how TW develops and gets discharged into the PSS tube, (h) is the height of a TW and Nr 1 and Nr. 2 show how the current of TW mingles with the debit of a similar one already running down the PSS tube where they start rotating each other, (a), (b) and (c) represents the debit of a TW in three stages.

FIG. 15 is just a reminder to each one of us about the principles of communicating vessels which plays a primordial role during the procession of TW discharge to subdue its powers.

FIG. 16 emphasizes something similar with FIG. 14 but in a different manner; closer with reality.

FIG. 17 features more artistically the formation of a tsunami wave after the sea water has retreated. In. this moment the floater/pump (D), it was activated because the ocean water retreated and the floater (D) in its way down unlocked the intake gate (B). The evacuation gate (C) it is locked at this point in time. Nr. 1 represents an aerial view of the HTL of the ocean or sea and Nr. 2 represents the WRL before the formation of the tsunami wave TW. Anyway, the floater/pump (D) is down and let as understand that the intake gate is open.

FIG. 18 it is represented little artistically for the sake of portraying it closer with the reality. There is the wave longitudinal section A-A, the transversal X-X. and the PSS Tube Section N-N. TW is the tsunami wave, with Nr. 1 representing its crest. (A) represents PSS tube, (B) represents the intake gate, (C) the evacuation gate, and (a) water level inside the PSS tube when evacuation gate opens being activated by the floater (E) FIG. 22.

FIG. 19 represents the Intake gate (B) and its system, of lock/unlock. Fig. 19 offers some details such as (a) visiting window, (b) access cap, (c) activation fork, (d) activation lever locking bolt, (e) lever shaft and (f) rubber seal for gate (B).

FIG. 20 emphasizes the floater/pump (D) with the unlock activation arms (a) which opens gate (B) when it is pushed down and (b) when it is lifted up by the waves. When the water retreats before the TW formation, the floater/pump system unlocks gate (B) activating arm (a), and if the water does not retreat and the TW forms above the normal level, the floater (D) activates arm (b) and unlocks the gate (B). In the drawing it is also illustrated the main shaft (c) of the floater (D), adjusting shaft (d) of the activation arm (b), the activation fork (e), the metallic maff (f), the adjustable lever (g) and the unlock shaft (h).

FIG. 21 offers few details about evacuation gate (C); letter (a) represents its hinge together with (b) is the resistance and lubrication metallic maff of gate (C) axel shaft (c) allows gate (C) to rotate. Letter (d) represents, the cylindrical housing of the unlock main shaft system, the armature rebar (e), the rubber seal (f) for gate (C), the pulley (g) for the closing of the Exhaust gate (C) the cable (h) of the locking system which extends to the water surface connected with a spheric floater (i).

FIG. 22 shows how the unlocking and locking system of evacuation gate (C). (E) is the interior floater (see FIG. 22), the one that unlocks gate (C), and (i) is the floater that keeps the cable at the surface. Once the tsunami danger is over the evacuation gate (C) will be locked again by pulling the cable (h) and the floater (i) up word.

FIG. 23 provides details of the gate pulley (e) for opening limitation (never to open in a horizontal position) and closing and locking of evacuation gate (C) with its cable (f) and the stopper (g) inside the PSS tube wall. The other notations may be used later. inside the PSS tube wall. The other notations may be used later.

FIG. 24 gives details related to floater (D), where (a) represents the guiding shaft, which has a threaded bolt for adjusting the floater (D) to a specific level, in order to unlock the intake gale (B) of PSS system when TW exceeds a chosen height. The floater/pump (D) has a sliding groove (c) and tongue (d) guidance to avoid floater's rotation. Letter (b) represents an adjusting srew for the floater (D) and. the floater guidance shaft (a).

FIG. 25 represent the floater/pump (D), where the pump piston (a) with its body (d), pun is the air entering through the duct (g), and through the valves (f) into the pipe (b). From there the air goes through and valve (c) inside PSS Tube (A), in order to force the accumulated water out of Tube (A) through duct (e), pre; pairing if for an eventual future job event.

For the construction of the PSS Tube it is necessary to be used superior quality of concrete.

For the fabrication of all metal components is probably best to use Type 316 Stainless Steel or better. All materials including seals, gaskets, cables, must be made of materials resistant to corrosion, solar radiation, and time alteration for an efficient functioning.

Referinte bibliografice similare nu exista deocamdata.

-   FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 . . . , represent the Drawing number. -   (A)—PSS Tube -   (B)—Intake Gate -   (C)—Exhaust Gate -   (D)—Floater/Pump which also unlocks Intake Gate -   (E)—Floater (interior) to unlock the Evacuation Gate -   PSS—P Squared System -   FITL—High Tide Level -   LTL—Low Tide Level -   WRL—Water Retreat Level -   TWC—Tsunami Wave Crest -   TW—Tsunami Wave -   SF—Sea Floor -   OF—Ocean Floor 

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 7. A Hydro-Technic Architectural System comprising: (a) a reinforced concrete Tube (A) comprising: a. an Intake Gate (B) with structural resistance characteristics and mounted at the top wall and at the extremity of the Tube (A) closed to the coastal; and b. an Exit Gate (C) with structural resistance characteristics and mounted on a traversal axis at the top of the Tube (A) at the other extremity away from the coast line; (b) wherein the Intake Gate (B) is unlocked by a Floater Pump (D) and the Exit Gate (C) is unlocked by an Interior Floater (E); (c) wherein the Floater Pump (D) and the Interior Floater (E) are activated first by a tsunami or tidal wave level, and activated second by the water level accumulated inside Tube (A); (d) wherein the Tube (A) is disposed under the ocean floor having a smaller slope inclination with the horizontal than the ocean floor's slop so the end of the Tube (A) where the Exit Gate (C) is located, above the ocean floor with its bottom wall and the Exit Gate (C) clear to be activated and permit the accumulated debit of water to be recirculated into the ocean.
 8. The System of claim 1, wherein the Tube (A): (a) is a system on its own is built out of reinforced concrete sections sealed in between; (b) contains two metallic frames for the Intake Gate (B) and the Exit Gate (C), and has the option to extend towards the outside and has at least one spring mounted on the frame to force the rapid opening of the Intake Gate (B) and the Exit Gate (C) to enable the wave recirculation; and (c) is equipped with a complex of pipes with water valves inserted inside of them for the evacuation mounted of the remaining water inside, which is connected with the outside pump of the Floater Pump (D) mounted on the body of the Hydro-technic Tube (A)'s top and also the design of Tube (A) uses architectural elements as visiting windows, pressure gages indicators, salinity and temperature gages indicators, marine searching room features, and permitting lateral, overlapping and extending possibilities for connection with other Tubes (A) based on the protection conditions and choice, with the purpose to offer an increased factor of safety and applicability for other attributes as well as marine search, main lines drainage and flooding draining abilities, capable to handle seismic movements and geologic deformations.
 9. The System of claim 1, wherein Intake Gate (B): (a) is made out of Stainless steel activated by the Floater Pump (D), (b) is mounted in a way to permit rotation around its axis shaft positioned transversal on the longitudinal direction of Tube (A), in an unbalanced position in the middle of it, to permit the bigger back part of the Intake Gate (B) to go down and while the smaller front part goes up, opens up and stops to an angle of 60°-70° with the horizontal plan of the ocean; (c) is comprised with enclosed trusses protruding through the gate's wall of the bottom side, placed perpendicular on the shaft axis, wherein the placement creates parallel canals permitting the waves' water debit discharge and guidance inside the Hydro-technic Tube (A) and enhancing the structural resistance of the Intake Gate (B); and (d) contains a complex of levers connected with the outside Floater Pump (D) which unlocks it before to be open.
 10. The System of claim 1, wherein Exit Gate (C): (a) is made out of Stainless steel mounted oblique to ease the opening while unlocked and on an axis shaft at the top side of the Hydro-Technic tube (A); (b) is structurally enforced in interior by a number of punched trusses to maintain inside of it a constant air pressure to avoid torsion; (c) is unlocked through a system of levers as component part and connected with the interior floater (E) such that when the floater senses the maximum water level inside the tube (A) unlocks the Exit Gate (C) which opens up to a maximum horizontal position stopped by two side stoppers when the Exit Gate (C) under the oceanic water's pressure exercised over the existing air bubble from inside the Exit Gate (C) forces it upwards, opens and later can be closed by pulling up a floater (the third one) connected with a cable which reaches and floats at the ocean surface which passes through a pulley mounted on the Exit Gate (C) and has the other end fastened at/from the tube (A)'s bottom, only after the tsunami or other phenomena ended.
 11. A method for protecting coastal areas against tsunamis, tidal waves and coastal erosion comprising the use of the system of claim
 7. 12. The System of claim 1, wherein the Intake Gate (B) is activated by a Floater Pump (D), wherein the Floater Pump (D) is made out of Stainless steel, mounted on the outside of the posterior wall of the Tube (A) it is composed firstly, by a system of levers to unlock and open the Intake Gate (B) either when the water level increases and/or decreases, secondly, by a threaded drive shaft it can be adjusted the distance of the up/down movement of the Floater Pump (D), thirdly, by a cylindrical guiding shaft component through its interior it is permitting the movement of up/down activating the levers system, fourthly, the Floater Pump (D) also composed of a pumping system which in its up/down generated movement by the regular waves, activates its pump and pumps air inside the Tube (A) while because of the watertight closed, increases the air pressure inside the Tube (A), forcing the water to the outside through a pipe system with air pressure relief valves therewith, which is connected to the pipe system from the outside pump of the Floater Pump (D) placed on the Hydro-technic Tube (A).
 13. The System of claim 1, wherein the Exit Gate (C) it is activated by the Interior Floater (E) made out of Stainless steel composed mainly of a complex of levers and a rectangular shaped float, which is mounted inside Tube (A) on the posterior wall of it placed in the adjacency of the Intake Gate (B) in a way that once the Interior Floater (E) senses that the Tube (A) is very much filled up and the water pressure inside of it closely matches the water pressure from outside of it, the Exit Gate (C) is getting unlocked by the Interior Floater (E) ready to open and allow the debit of the water accumulated inside the Hydro-Technic Tube (A) to be recirculated back into the ocean. 